Internal-combustion engine



Dec. 25,. 1928,

1,696,336 R. STRINDBERG INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 19,11920s 'sneefsvsheet 1 Des. 25, 1928. 1,696,336

` R. STRINDBERG INTERNAL C OMBUSTION `ENGINE Filed April 19 J 1920 5Sheets-Shaml 2 Dec. 25r 1928. 1,696,336

R. s'rRxNDBERG INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE A Filed April 1 9J l1920 3sheets-snee@ 5 `used to designate v p throughout the several views, andthen more orfnnw Yemen. Y., Assrenon or'oiviifriiiian gro Jenn L'.

RICKARD s'rninnisnne,

PATENT ortica..

LOTSCELJ'OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

INTERNAL-COMBUS'IIN ENGINE.

iippiicauon Yfumi irpiii 19, i920. seriai No. 374,991.

My invention has for its object Vthe production of a newv and improvedtype of internal combustion engine.

The invention relates to internal combustionengines in which the 'airfor supporting combustion is given a preliminary compression beforebeing admitted to the cylinders, and has for its objects Vto' provideyan engine having a klonger and more effective power stroke than thoseatl present in use; whereinthe pressure of the exhaust gases against theupward movement lof the piston is reduced; wherein the `danger of bachtiring is eliin inated; which will be iioiseless lin operation; f

wherein the` iiiuiier may be eliminated; in which ,artificialv coolingmay )be dispensed with; iii which the gas mixture will. be sub#staiitially :treeoix products of ioiiibus'tion;v

which will ybe cheap vto nianiiiacture and economical of operation. i

A further object ofthe invention is the production of yazdevice, of thecharacter herein described, whichis extremely .simpler in construction,thoroughly reliable and yeiiicient in its purpose, and which will notgetv easily out-of order.` n y .c l/Vith these and other object-s inview to be more fully sety forth hereinafter, the invention Vconsists inthe novel construction, coin bination of elements, and arrangement ofpartswhich will,V be exeinpliiiedin theco'n struction hereinafterdescribed inthe specification and illustrated in the accoinliianyingdrawings considered together or separa tely.

Theinveiitive idea involvedis capable ot receiving a variety ot.mechanical expressions, oneof which for the purpose ot illustratingthe. invention, shown in the ace invention will be first describedV inconnection with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar lreferencecharacters are corresponding parts coin anying drawings.

specifically deiined and pended claims.

`vIn the drawingsf--f Y c Y, Fig. 1 is a horizontal sectional View oi aninternal combustion unit embodying my iiiindicated in the. ap-

Venton: the' QCOIibeiIigtaken on theA line. r1&1 oiiFig.3;x

Fig. 2 is a similar 2-2 of Fig. 3; i

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 3f-3 of Fig. 1; f

view taken onV the line piston. ,c Apassage 18 connects the cylinderBwith:

. Fig. 4 is a transversefsection taken on the line 1 -4 of Fig. 3; f

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the line y5-5 ot' Fig. 3;

` Fig. 6 is a. diagrammaticsectional View illustrating the operation ofthe device; and

l `ig..7 is adiagram showing all cycles during two revolutions of theengine` shaft.

ln carrying out my invention a unit coni prising two cylinders A and Bis employed. The cylinders are preferably cast ren bloc, but it to beunderstood that they may be cas: single if desired.

In the cylinder A iscarricd a piston 1 preferably of the lordinary'barrel type, and said piston connected byineans vof a connecting rod 2with a crank 3 oir a shaft` el. The cylinder A is provided with an inletvalve Fand an exhaust'valve 8 as is coinnion. 'lheso val vos` iiiay beoperated roin the crank shaftllV in the wellflrnown manner. In the.sidewall vof the cylinder A'is a port 9 which is in communicationwiththe cylinder B.

The ycylinder B carries a 'piston 10a connectedy to acrank 11 on theshaft et by means of a connecting rod '12.. Thepiston 10 provided with aport 18 adapted to cooper- :tore/theformer on the fdowiiV stroke of thec pistonV 10, and thefport 171 )vill be closed before the opening 1GV onthe. upstroke of the the port 9ct the cylinder Land abranch` `19vconnects the `said passage and port with the' upper end of the cylinderB. The head of thepistonlOis `provided with a de# Hector 20. i The'cylinders'are supported on a ytight -cranl casing 21, as in theordinary two. cycle engine, and the casing is provided withaii air inletvalvel22 of any desired. type, and one of the cylinders Ais providedwith an ignition device (not shown) of any preferred construction. 5j fThe crank 3 has a QOPangularwadi/'ance over the crank 11, and while ,asingle unit ico ot two cylinders is illustrated, it is to be understoodthat any number of units may be employed with the cranks-of the variousunits`r so. arranged relatively to each other that vibrations will belargely if not entirely eliminated.

While water jackets or other cooling des vices, and a muffler, are notnecessary to the operation of the device Vof the application, thosedevices may be employed it desired without departing from the spirit orscope of the invention.

In Fig. 6 the cranks 3 and 11 are illustrated as at right angles to thepositions they actually occupy, as are the port 13 and duct 15.

The operation is as Afollows, attention being speciallyv directed toFigs. 6 and 7.

Assuming the piston 1 is at the upper dead point a. with the inlet valve7 and yXhaust valve 8 closed and a charge is exploded in the cylinderA:-

Piston 10 will be at af, and the upper part of cylinder B will be openthrough branch 19, port 9 and the lower part of cylinder 1 to the casing21, so there will be no com,- pression in the upper part of cylinder B.Exhaust 17 and shunt 15 will be closed.

Because of the impulse of the exploding charge, piston 1 will move downto point Z) while piston 10 is moving up to point b. In this position',port 9^ will be closed, port 18 closed andeXhau'st 17 closed.

I The continuing eiiect of the exploding charge will cause piston 1` tomove down to point c while piston 41() is moving to itsupper dead pointc. In this position, port 9 will be closed but port 18partly open to thecasing 21 and exhaust 17, whereby pressure above the piston 10 andbranch 19 will be released. 4

Continuing eect of the exploding charge will cause piston 1 to move downto position d. while piston 10 moves down to position d. As piston 1passes point e', port 9 starts to lopen and pressure of gas in cylinderA is transferred via port 9 and branch 19 above the headk of piston 10,impelling said piston downward.

Continuingits downward movement, piston 1 travels the relatively smalldistance from d to e (its lower dead point) while piston 10 is travelingthe relatively great distance down from d to e, thus provid'- ing arelatively large expansion space above the piston 10 and drawing part ofthe products of combustion out of cylinder A through port -9 and branch19. Atthis point, vport 18 and exhaust 17 are closed.V

Beginning its upward stroke, piston 1 goes up to f while piston 1()moves down to f. In this position, port 9 is open, port 18 is open andbranch 19 is open through the upper part of cylinder B to the exhaust 17with the result that practically all the re-V maining products otcombustion are eX- hausted through 17.

Continuing its upward stroke, piston 1 goesup to g while piston 10 isgoing to its lower dead point g. In this position, portl 9 is closed,interrupting` communication between the cylinders, port 18 open, branch19 is open, exhaust 17 is open to the upper part of cylinder B, and bymeans ot port 18 and ports 14 and 15 and channel 16, the casing 21 is incommunication with exhaust 17 and atmospheric pressure prevailsthroughout cylinder B.

Continuing` its upward stroke, piston 1 goes to position 7L while piston19 goes up to position 7L. In this position, port 9 is closed, port18'is partly open, passage 19 A is open, exhaust 17 is partly open, sothat no pressure is created in cylinder B by upward movement of piston10.

Continuing its upward movement, piston 1 goes'to'its upper dead point a,whilepiston 10 isgoing upwardto point al. In this position pressure onthe upper part of cylin der A is relieved through valve 8, and pressurein the upper part of cylinder B is relieveds through branch 19,r port9', the lower part of cylinder A, and the casing 21,

Beginning .the suction stroke, piston 1 moves down to while piston 10 ismoving up to position b. In this position, port 9 is closed, port 18 isclosed, exhaust 17 is closed, port 16 is closed with the result that airis compressed in the upper part of cylinder B and branch 19.

' Continuin0l the suction stroke, piston 1 moves down to position cwhile piston 10 moves up to its upper dead point d. In this position,port- 9 is closed, port 18 is partly open and exhaust 17 is open,relieving the pressure in thel space` above piston 1() and re-` storingatmospheric pressurethroughout cylinder B.

AContinuing its suction stroke, piston 1 goes down to lits lower deadpoint e' while piston 10-is traveling downward from C to c. Through asmall part of this stroke (from e' tov e), the port 9 is open, port 18closed and passage 19 open so that some suctionwillbe created in theupper partof cylinder B,fand while some loss of from cylinder A willoccur,'this', dueto therela-v tively much larger volume of the upperpart ocylinder A at this part of the stroke, will be slight.

Starting its compression stroke, piston 1 will go to position f/ whilepiston 10 is going to its lower dead point g.

is open, port-s 14 and 16 connecting the upper part of cylinder B withthecasing 21]' by passage 15 are open so latmospheric pressure isrestored throughout. the casing and cylinder B.

Continuing its compression stroke, piston i In this position, port 9. isclosed, port 18 is open, exhaust 17 A l goes up to positionga whilepiston l()k goes up to posit-ion a, thus completing a two .reve

so reduced that no inutlier-is necessary. Itv

will also be apparent from the cycle of operationdescribed in detailabove that at no time is there any considerable back pressure retardingthe movement of pistoni() and vthus cutting down the power of the motor.

As shown in Fig. the expansion in cylinder A. occurs during 14:00 of acycle, and the working stroke of cylinder B begins at the end of the`working stroke of cylinder A.Y

and extends over 90O of the cycle;` The conibined working stroke istherefore 280.

As the productsof combustion leave the cylinder A they expand intocylinder B., and thence into the Vatmosphere through the port 17.resistance when the piston .l begins its upward movement. rIhis isdirectly the reverse of conditions in the ordinary four cycle engine.The 'expansion of the gases of combustion from cylinder Ato cylinder B`just above described will obviate the necessity for a inuliier and itsresistance i() to 20% is eliminated.

As most. of the hot gases of combustion are exhausted through port l?which is open to the atmosphere, those gases exhausting through thevalve 8 will be of comparatively low. temperature and the dal'iger fromback of from lirii'ig caused by hot exhaust pipes is mini-` mized.

The continual reduction in pressure of the gases from the time of theexplosion in'cylinder A until the exhaust port 17 will lower thepressure to such an extent that the gases will exhaust without noisev`and at sucha low temperaturethat a muilier will not be necessary.

The clearance between the head ofk theV cylinder B and the head of thepiston VlO,

when at its upper dead point, is preferably made relatively small, sothat during those parts of the suction and compression strokes of thepiston l that the port 9 is` open, the` entry of fuel gas from cylinderAwill be Vmini-k mized.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I havedescribed the principle of my invention together -with the apparatuswhich I now consider-to repre-v There will, therefore, be practically nosent the .best embodiment thereof, butI desire7 itv understood that myinvention is not connedto the particular forni of apparatusk Ahereinshown and describeththe same Abeing Vmerely illustrative, and that the'invention'can be carriedlgout in other ways l without departing from thespirit of my in-l vent-ion, and, therefore, I claim broadly the right toemploy all. equivalent instrumentalitfies, coming Vwithin the scope ofthe appended claims, and: by means ofwhich objects of'my invention"v areattained, and the new results accomplished'7 as herein set forth, 'as itis obvious that the particular embodiment herein shown and describedisonly,v one of many that canbe employed to` 'attain these objects andaccomplish theseA results. Having now described the invention what isclaimedv and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: n i

l. In an internal combustion engine, a

lirst lcylinder and a second cylinder, a port Y connecting mid sectionsof said cylinders, a continuously open branch extending from said portto the upper ,end of the first of said cylinders, and pistons in saidcylinders, the piston in said second cylinder forming a slide valve forsaid port and having a lead over thel piston in said first cylindersuiicient to uncover said port as the piston in said first cylinderapproaches the top of its stroke, whereby pressure is relieved above thepiston in said lirst cylinder.

2. In an internal combustion engine, an

explosion cylinder and an expansion cylinder, each opening at its lowerextremity into a common casinga port connecting the mid sections ofsaidcylinders, a branch extendying from said port to the upper end of theexpansion cylinder, an exhaust poi'tin said expansion cylindersubstantiallyy alined with said cylinder connecting port, a Huid shuntopening into. saidexpansion cylinder at a point substantiallyabove andat a point substai'itialiy below said exhaust port, pistons insaidcylinders each adapted to forniva ioo closure for said cylinderconnecting port, 'Y

' saidpistons beii'ig'of suoli a length as to uncover said 4cylinderconnecting port at both extremities of their stroke, and intake andexhaust ports in the upperend of the explosion cylinder. i 1 i 3. Inaiiinternal combustion engine, an

vexplosion cylinder andan expansion cylinder, leach opening at its lowerextremity into a common casing, a port connecting the mid sections ofsaid cylinders, a branch extending from said port to the upper end ofthe expansionV cylinder, an exhaust port :in said Vexpansion cylindersubstantially alined with said cylinder connecting port, va Huid shuntopening into said expansion cylinder at a point substantially above andat a point substantially below said exhaust port, pistonsI in saidcylinders each adapted to form a closure forv said cylinder connectngport and the piston of said eXpansion cylinder' being also adapted toforni a closure for said exhaust port and for both ends of said shun@and having a'port adapted to be alined with the mouths of said shunt,said pistons being of such a length as to uncover' said Cylinderconneeting port at both extremities of their stroke, and intake andexhaust Valves at the upper end of said' explosion Cylinder.

4. In ank internal f combustion engine, a first cylinder and a vsecondcylinder, a port Connecting said cylinders at their mid por'- tion, acontinuously open branch extending` from said port t0 the upper end fsaid first cylinder, a piston 'in said secondy Cylinder adapted to forina' sliding Closure for said port and to uncover the saine both at theupper and lower ends of its stroke, whereby Y an intake passage and apressure relief passage is alternately provided from the upper end ofsaidfirst cylinder threugh said port tn said seeend Cylinder.`

This` speeiieatin signed this 3rd day of April., 1920'. Y

RCKAR'D STRIND'BERG.

